笼底材料、密度和性别组群对肉鸡胸囊肿发生及胸肌成分的影响

该研究采用了三因素三水平的正交试验设计，就笼底材料、饲养密度、性别组群等三因素对3～6周龄笼养AA肉仔鸡发生胸囊肿及对其胸肌成分的影响进行了研究。结果表明：铁丝笼底、高饲养密度(17.25只/m²)、公鸡组的发病率最高，平均达34.09%，并显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。铁丝笼底显著高于塑料和竹竿笼底(P<0.05)，高密度(17.25只/m²)显著高于低密度(10.98只/m²)(P<0.05)，笼底材料是导致胸囊肿发病的主要环境因素，而性别组群对其无显著影响(P>0.05)。不同笼底下胸肌水分和蛋白质含量以竹竿笼底的含量最高，铁丝笼底下的胸肌蛋白含量最低(P<0.05)。胸肌脂肪则不受笼底、密度和性别组群的影响。因此，该试验表明，竹竿笼底和塑料笼底材料可降低笼养肉仔鸡胸囊肿的发病率，有利于提高其胸肌品质。     

分离Y精子在茸鹿性别控制中的应用研究

为研究一种新的茸鹿繁殖方法,2007～2008年对469头马鹿,79头梅花鹿进行性别控制技术研究。结果表明：性别控制冻精情期受胎率马鹿为87．21％,梅花鹿为60．76％,两者之间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,性比率（指产公仔率）马鹿为90．95％,梅花鹿为93．75％,两者之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;性别控制冻精与普通冻精输精比较,马鹿情期受胎率之间、性比率之间和梅花鹿性比率之间都存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）,梅花鹿情期受胎率之间则无显著差异（P〉0．05）。普通冻精受胎率马鹿为94．89％、梅花鹿为61．63％,性比率马鹿为50．22％、梅花鹿为49．06％,性别控制冻精受胎率整体接近普通冻精,性比率则提高40％以上,比较分析认为对茸鹿X、Y精子分离进行性别控制试验是成功的。     

家畜性别控制的研究进展

对家畜性别决定机理、受精前的性别控制技术、受精后的胚胎性别鉴定技术以及今后性别控制技术的前景和趋势等方面进行了分析讨论,旨在为科研工作者和畜牧生产者提供参考.     

家鸡CHD1基因PCR快速性别鉴定方法的建立及其在早期鸡胚中的应用

本试验以优化PCR条件,建立快速性别鉴定方法为目的,从家鸡雏鸡血样、鸡胚羊水和尿囊液中获得DNA进行性别鉴定.通过对家鸡的两个性别鉴定候选基因CHD1和xho Ⅰ重复片段进行PCR扩增引物筛选和反应体系的优化.结果显示CHD1基因PCR法可稳定、准确地用于鉴定家鸡性别,该体系经改进和优化后,缩短了鉴定时间,提高了鉴定的稳定性和准确性.在此基础上利用12.5日龄鸡胚羊水和尿囊液建立了早期胚胎的性别鉴定体系.该方法为家鸡早期胚胎性别鉴定批量化的快速操作提供了可行的依据,同时也为鸟类性别决定机制的研究奠定了基础.     

Effect of mixed rearing of barrows and gilts on backfat thickness and serum metabolite profiles of the Kagoshima-Kurobuta (Berkshire) pig

We investigated the effect of mixed rearing of barrows and gilts on the backfat thickness and the serum metabolite profiles of Kagoshima-Kurobuta (Berkshire) pigs. A total of 149 pigs with an average body weight of 35 kg were divided into the following groups: 100%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, 10%, and 0% groups consisting of 10 barrows (1 pen), 9 barrows + 1 gilt (3 pens), 7 barrows + 3 gilts (2 pens), 5 barrows + 5 gilts (3 pens), 3 barrows + 7 gilts (2 pens), 1 barrow + 9 gilts (3 pens), and 9 gilts (1 pen), respectively. All pigs were raised to a shipping weight of 120 kg. Mixed rearing significantly reduced (p < 0.001) backfat thickness, and the optimum mixing ratio of barrows and gilts was 7:3 (the 70% group). Four types of circulating sex steroids were found in both the barrows and gilts in the 50% group but were not detected in barrows from the 100% group. These results indicated that mixed rearing of barrows and gilts was effective for reducing the backfat thickness of barrows, and induced sex steroid hormones may influence the backfat thickness of barrows in mixed-reared groups.     

Fatty acid profile as affected by fat depot and the sex category of Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin fattening cattle fed silage ad libitum

This study was designed to compare the fatty acid profiles of four types of fat depots from bulls, steers, and heifers. All animals were Polish Holstein-Friesian and Limousin crossbreds fattened semi-intensively—silage at libitum and concentrate in the amount corresponding to 30% of their net energy requirements. The fatty acid profile in intramuscular, intermuscular, and external and internal fat was determined. The intramuscular fat of bulls was most abundant in total PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs, and functional fatty acids C 18:2, C 20:4, and C 22:5 in comparison with steers and heifers. Regardless of sex category, intramuscular and external fat were characterized by higher levels of UFAs and a more desirable MUFA/SFA ratio than the remaining fat types. It should also be noted that external fat was more abundant in CLA than other fat types, and that the highest CLA content was found in bull fat, compared with the remaining sex categories of cattle.     

安义瓦灰鸡早期生长规律研究

通过对不同羽速基因及不同性别安义瓦灰鸡的早期生长规律进行研究,结果表明:不同性别安义瓦灰鸡的早期生长规律有较大差异(P<0.01),不同羽速基因安义瓦灰鸡的早期生长规律差异不显著;安义瓦灰鸡的生长速度与出壳重无关,出壳重只影响其育雏期的体重;性别对体重的影响较晚,且公鸡大于母鸡。     

Morphological sex change upon treatment by endocrine modulators in meiogynogenetic tench (Tinca tinca L.)

Exogenous steroids alter sex differentiation in fish substantially. In the present study we have evaluated the effects of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and oestrogen receptor antagonist Tamoxifen (TA) on gonadal development and skewness of the sex ratio in all-female tench juveniles. In the first two experiments, sexually undifferentiated juveniles were orally treated with three doses of MT and TA (50, 100 and 150 mg kg⁻¹). Both the treatments resulted in a moderate dose-dependent masculinization, with neomale production ranging from 17% (50 mg kg⁻¹) to 26% (150 mg kg⁻¹) for the MT only treatment, and from 0% (50 mg kg⁻¹) to 27% (100 mg kg⁻¹) only for the TA treatment respectively. In the third experiment treatment of sexually differentiated tench females with single steroid treatments or combinations of the two resulted in populations composed of females and intersex individuals. The significantly highest occurrence of intersex individuals (45.5%) was found in the group subjected to combine treatment of MT+TA (150+200 mg kg⁻¹). No masculinization effect of the single or the combined treatment occurred. It can be concluded that oral treatment with MT or TA only slightly modifies the normal process of sex differentiation in gynogenetic tench juvenile, but treatment with the above-mentioned combinations has a highly significant potential to skew the sex ratio in sexually differentiated tench females. However, from an applied point of view, the treatment procedure will need optimization before use at a commercial level.     

旋耕刀辊与机罩间隙对反转灭茬作业质量和功耗的影响

通过试验对比的方法,从间隙的垂直距离和水平距离角度,分析旋耕刀辊与弯折状机罩间隙对反转灭茬作业的驱动功耗、植被覆盖率及土下埋茬的具体影响。研究结果表明:1间隙的垂直距离对机具作业功耗影响较为明显,垂直距离a为65、75、85mm,水平距离b=50mm时,功耗随着a的增加而增大,增幅分别为3.9%、4.3%。2当间隙垂直距离a为6 5、7 5、8 5 mm,b为5 0 mm及水平距离b为3 5、5 0、6 5 mm,垂直距离a为7 5 mm时,机具作业植被覆盖率均超过96%。3间隙对土下埋茬情况影响较为突出,埋茬情况在间隙调整范围内变化幅度大,土下0~5cm内的根茬占土下根茬总量的28.1%~62.4%。     

温度对半滑舌鳎家系生长及性别的影响

以建立半滑舌鳎家系为研究材料,在受精后46 d,将家系在17.5、19.5、21.5、23.5、25.5和27.5℃6个温度梯度下培育65 d;分别在受精后64、80、103、118、129、198 d测量各温度梯度下半滑舌鳎鱼苗体长和体重,利用方差分析、Student-Newman-Keuls多重比较,分析半滑舌鳎家系鱼苗的生长规律及培育温度与体长和体重的相关性。结果显示,在以上温度范围内鱼苗的生长速度随温度的升高而加快,在198 d以后,25.5℃下鱼苗生长最快(P<0.05),21.5～23.5℃次之(P<0.05),27.5℃生长下降(P<0.05),17.5～19.5℃生长最慢(P<0.05)。在17.5～27.5℃,温度与半滑舌鳎家系生长体长、体重的Pearson系数分别为0.553和0.809,都达到极显著正相关(P<0.01)。体长、体重与温度关系式分别为L=2.460 7t0.9979(R2=0.362 8)和W=9.0×10-5t2.976(R2=0.789 5)。在198 d解剖统计各温度梯度下雌雄比例,同时固定30尾鱼苗性腺,利用光学切片法辨别并统计雌雄性别比例,对获得的性别比例进行方...